Tanween is a hidden نْ sound. The rule is decided by the letter that comes after the نْ/tanween. So each card's "After نْ/tanween" row tells you what happens when that letter follows a noon sākin or tanween. Every letter falls under exactly one of the four rules: iẓhār, idghām, iqlāb, or ikhfā.
Iẓhār — the نْ is read clearly, no ghunna (the 6 throat letters).
Idghām with ghunna — نْ merges into the letter with a nasal sound held 1 alif (ي ن م و).
Idghām without ghunna — نْ merges, no nasal (ر ل).
Iqlāb — نْ becomes م, with ghunna (ب only).
Ikhfā — نْ is hidden with a light nasal sound (the remaining 15 letters).
Meem sākin — مْ + م: idghām shafawī (ghunna). مْ + ب: ikhfā shafawī (light ghunna). مْ + any other letter: read clearly (iẓhār shafawī).
Qalqalah — echoing sound when sākin, including when stopping (ق ط ب ج د).
Madd — ا after fatha, و after damma, يْ after kasra lengthen the vowel (1 alif). Followed by ء or a sukūn → extended madd, up to 5 alifs. Līn — وْ/يْ after a fatha: a soft sound.
Special — Rā heavy/light rules · Lām of الله · sun letters (lām of ال silent, letter doubled).
Tap any letter card to light up its makhraj (articulation point) on the side-profile diagram at the top. Faint dots mark all of the classic 17 makhārij — from the lips (left), along the tongue, to the depths of the throat (lower right), plus the nasal cavity for ghunna. The diagram is a schematic guide; point positions are approximate.
Hams — breath flows (whispered) · Jahr — voiced, breath held back.
Shiddah — sound stops completely · Tawassuṭ — in between · Rikhwah — sound flows.
Istiʿlāʾ — back of tongue raised → heavy letter · Istifāl — tongue lowered → light letter.
Iṭbāq — tongue cupped to the palate (the heaviest 4: ص ض ط ظ) · Infitāḥ — tongue open.
Idhlāq — pronounced with fluency from tongue-tip/lips · Iṣmāt — its opposite. (No effect on sound.)
Without opposites: Ṣafeer — whistling · Qalqalah — echo · Inḥirāf — tongue deviates · Takreer — tendency to trill (suppress it) · Tafasshī — sound spreads · Istiṭālah — sound stretches along the tongue's side · Ghunna — nasal · Līn — softness.